PapilloedemaPapilloedema, also known as choked disc, is a swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure. It is an important sign that can indicate underlying neurological problems.Causes- Intracranial tumors, such as brain tumors, can cause an increase in intracranial pressure, leading to papilloedema.- Hydrocephalus, the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, can also result in this condition.- Other factors like head trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, and certain infections may contribute.Symptoms- Blurred vision is a common symptom.- Some patients may experience headaches, especially those associated with increased intracranial pressure.- Visual field defects can also occur over time.Diagnosis- Ophthalmoscopic examination is crucial for detecting papilloedema. The optic disc appears swollen, with blurred margins.- Imaging studies like CT scans or MRI scans of the brain are often necessary to identify the underlying cause.Treatment- Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. For example, if a brain tumor is causing the papilloedema, surgical removal or other appropriate treatment for the tumor may be required.- Measures to reduce intracranial pressure, such as medications, may also be part of the treatment plan.